Braking apparatus



J1me 1945- R. B. POGUE I 2,378,100

BRAKING APPARATUS Filed April 2, 1943 3 Sheets-Sheet-l F lEif.

.Zizrn for. RoZerf P0 2 A ,By aeaawu W June 12, 1945. R. B. POGUE 2,378,100

BRAKING APPARATUS Filed April 2, 1943 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 J52 r/erz for:

J/lorngy I June 12-, 1945. R. a. FOGUE 2,378,100

v BRAKING APPARATUS Filed April 2, 1943 S'SheetS-Sheet 3 Patented June 12, 1945 I n w" Robert B..Pogue, Orange, .N.. 1., assignor to Amermpany, a corporation of I ican Brake Shoe Delaware I A pplic ationApril 2, 1943, Serial m. 481,535 2 Claims. (01. 188 -264), This invention. relates to braking apparatus of the character employed in railway equipment and other relatively. heavy vehicles capable of comparatively rapid. movement. In those. instances where the braking appa ratus employed on a vehicle. of the aforesaid character is rendered efi'ective to dec'elerate the vehicle,lparticularly when the vehicle .is moving rapidly,.it is necessary to dissipate appreciableenergy in the form of heat and in -.such circumstances it is, desirable that the heat be so dispelled. as to prevent a .detrimental temperature rise in: the

various elements of the braking apparatus and so to. do in 'anovel and'effective manner is the primary object of the presentinvention.

Inainstances where the braking apparatus on a. vehicle of the aforesaid character has been what is commonly referred to as: a discbrake apparatus, in which one or more braking elements is .or are applied to one or both faces of the rotating disc, it has been proposed heretofore to circulate a cooling fluid through :the 'disc as by incorporating an air circulating meansbetween the faces of. the disc to which the braking elements are applied when a deceleration is to be effected. In such. prior arrangements the 0001-, ing fluid hasbeen circulated over a part or parts of the disc that is or are spacedinwardly from. the surface or surfaces thereof to which. the

' braking element. or elements is or are applied and on which surfaces therefor the tendency toward a temperature rise is greatest. In such arrangements, however, it has been observed'that the temperature of: theflcooling fluid ofttimes does notv rise until. well after a deceleration has been initiated and some times notuntil .well after the deceleration has been completed. Such. alag in temperature rise of thecooling fluidv accrues because the heat must flow through the disc from 'the Surface thereof, to which the braking element or shoe is applied, to the portion thereof inwardly of such surface and overwhich cooling fluid is of to which the braking element. or elements is or are applied,v it is desirable that such portions of the rotating element be directly subjected to a cooling effect for so to do avoids. setting updetrimen-tal temperature difierences in the element such as may give/rise. toheat checking, fracture or otherinjury thereto and'to enable a coolcaused to flow. Therefore, in such circumstances I very appreciable temperature differences are set up in the disc, especially during the initial stages of a deceleration, for the surface orsurfaces to which the shoe or shoes is or are-applied is or are heated to a relatively high temperature while those portions of the disc over which the cooling fluid is caused to flow remain comparatively cool; and heat checking or even fracture of the disc in such circumstances is not atall uncommon.

' Inasmuch as greatest heating effect on the rotatable element-tube decelerated occurs onor immediately beneath a surface or surfaces thereing fluid ,to. be directly, supplied to such surface or surfaces of a rotating element that is to be decelerated' is among. the primary objects .of the present invention. i

In most. instances where abraking element or shoe .is applied tothe axially inner or axially outer surface of a rotating disc to eflfect deceleration thereof, such an element. or shoe is applied to. but

a part of such axially inneror axially outer face,

wherefore an appreciable portion. of such a face isexposed beyond :the ends of the element or shoe and it is therefore yet another important object of my invention to supply a cooling fluid to those portions of an axially inner or axially outer" face of av disc that are exposedbeyond the ends of a braking element, applied to such a face or surface.

r In many instances the element or shoe which I is applied to the axially inner or axially outer face of a disc to be decelerated includes a plu rality of spaced apart friction members and it is therefore yet another object'of this invention to enablea cooling fluid to be supplied to the surface to. which. such friction members are to be applied at positions: adjacent to or intermediate of' suchlfriction members and another object relat-ed to the foregoing is to arrange themember adapted to supply such a cooling fluid to the surface of the. element to be decelerated on the part carryingthe friction member or members to be applied to such a surface to effect deceleration of'the element embodyingthe surface.

Yet other objects are to supply .a cooling fluid to either or both the axially'inner or axially outer face-or faces of a. disc or the like and which surfaces a braking element or-e1ementsis or are applied toefiect deceleration of the vehicleor the like with which the disc is causedto move. so

long as the vehicle or thelike is in motion; to-

so supply a cooling fluid to such'operative surfaces of a disc or the like that the cooling fluid may be collected after having been supplied to such a surface; and to enable the cooling fluid to be'reci-rculatedto the disc, and an object ancillary' to the foregoing is: to enable the cooling fluid to be cooled after flowing over the disc and prior to being resuppli'ed thereto.

Further objects-are in some circumstances to I tion will be apparent from the following descrip- .tion and claims and are illustrated in the accom-' panying drawings which, by way of illustration, show preferred embodiments and the principles thereof and what I now consider to be the best mode in which I have contemplated applying these principles. Other embodiments of the invention embodying the same or equivalent prin-v ciples may be used and structural changes may be made as desired by those skilled in the art without departing from the present invention and the purview of the appended claims.

In the drawings,

Fig. 1 isa side view of a braking apparatus embodying my invention and in which the housing enclosing the braking apparatus is shown in vertical section and also in which a part of the novel cooling system of my invention is schematically illustrated;

Fig. 2 is a plan view taken substantially on the line 22 in Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a schematic view illustrating a modified form of a part of my novel cooling apparatus;

Fig. 4 is a fragmentary view similar to Fig. 1 and showing a part of the apparatus illustrated therein drawn to a larger scale;

Fig. 5 is a plan view of the apparatus as shown in Fig. 4;

Fig. 6 is a horizontal sectional view taken substantially on the line 6-6 on Fig. 4.

Fig. 7 is a view similar to Fig. 4 showing a modified form of my invention;

Fig. 8 is a plan view of the apparatus shown in Fig.2 and Fig. 9is a sectional detail view taken substantially on the line 9-9 on Fig. 7.

The form of braking apparatus shown in Figs. 1, 2, 4, 5 and 6 includes a disc D that is secured to an axle A of a vehicle in any suitable manner understood in the art. Shoes SI and. S2, desirably of segmental configuration, each includes a metallic supportin plate as It] having spaced apart lugs as I2 and I3 on the rear face thereof between which a hearing as I4 carried at the one end of a lever I5 is disposed, a suitable pintle I6 being passed through the lugs as I2 and I3 and the bearing I4 to thereby pivotally connect the shoe as SI to the lever I5. A bracket as N, Fig. 1, suitably secured to the frame of the vehicle that includes the axle A, provides a support for a pintle I8 is passed through a bearing I9 on the lever I5 to thereby afford a fulcrum for the lever I5, the arrangement being such that the shoe SI is supported from the bracket II by the arm or lever I5in position to engage a portion of one of the axial faces of the disc D. Another lever I9 is supported on the bracket. I I in the same manner as that in which the arm or lever I5 is supported from this bracket and this lever I9 supportsthe shoe S2 in position to engage the face of the disc D opposite, that engageable by the shoe SI.

Another bracket 20; is supportedfrom the frame of the vehicle in a suitable manner and; this bracket in turn supports a double acting cylinder 2| to which air under pressure is to be supplied from a suitable source through a supply pipe 22. Desirably the flow of air under pressure through the pipe 22 will be controlled by conventional control means for braking apparatus. When air under pressure is supplied through the pipe 22 to the cylinders 2| the plungers 23 and 24 at opposite ends of the cylinder are forced outwardly to force the adjacent ends of the levers I5 and I9 outwardly, these ends of these levers being held in engagement with these plungers under the influence of the spring 25 is effected thereon. When the plungers 23 and 24 force the aforesaid ends of the levers I5 and I9, the shoes SI and S2 are forced into engagement with the disc D to thereby effect deceleration thereof and also the axleA and vehicle in which this axle is included.

It will be understood that my invention is not limited to a braking arrangement such as that described hereinabove for resort may be had to any conventional means for applying shoes or braking elements as SI and S2 respectively to axially inner and axially outer faces of a disc or other rotating element as D without departing from the ambit of my invention.

- As best shown in Figs. 1 and 4, the shoes as SI are sized so as to be engageable with but a part of an axial face of the disc as D and in the present instance the arrangement is such that appreciably more than of surface of the disc is exposed beyond the opposite ends of a shoe as SI and in accordance with the instant form of my invention I supply a cooling fluid to at least a portion of the surface of the disc D that is thus exposed beyond opposite ends of a shoe as SI. Thus, in accordance with my invention an arcuate pipe 26 is arranged in juxtaposition to the face of the disc D to which the shoe SI is to be applied and the opposite closed ends of this pipe 26 .are respectively arranged adjacent to opposite ends of the shoe SI. A plurality of spaced apart openings as P are provided in the pipe 26 to be extended toward the adjacent ends of the discs D. In the present instance an elbow 23 is fitted into the pipe 26 intermediate the ends thereof and a pipe 2-1 leads from the elbow 28 through a wall of the housing H to be supported by this wall so thatthe pipe 26 is supported by thepipe 21 and the elbow 28 in aforesaid relation with the disc 10.

As best shown in Fig. 1 the disc D, the cylinder 2I and the levers I5 and I9 and associated parts are supported within the housing H which is arranged to enclose these parts, and the lower portion of this housing H affords a sump in which a liquid coolant supplied to the pipe 26 may collect after flowing over the face of the disc D adjacent to which the pipe 26 is arranged, the housing I-I being supported from the frame of the vehicle of which the axle as A is a part. In the present instance a liquid coolant is supplied to the pipe 21 and thence through the elbow 28 to the pipe 26 from a pipe 29 that is connected to the pipe 21 through a T-fitting F. The pipe 29 leads to the outletof a pump 30 which in the present instance is driven by a belt 3| from a suitable source of power described more fully hereinafter. Moreover, in the present instance, an elbow 34 leads from the bottom of the housing H to a pipe 35 which is directed to a suitable heat exchanger HE,'whi-ch may be of the type through which a cooling fluid such as air may flow or, if desired, this heat exchanger may be of such naturethat a-cooling liquid may be circuinv which the pipe 26- is associated. and-,si-ni the same manner as that inwhich, the pipe 26 is associated with anadjacent face of the disc An elbow 38 is connected to the pipe 31 and a.

pipe, 39. iszconnected thereto whichxin turn is directed .tothe T-fitting' F.

The source of power ,to which the belt 3| is directed may. be relatedjtothe axle :A so :as to only be operative when-the axleA isin' operation or, if desired, the source of power may-be of.- such nature. as to be in constant operation irrespective of. whether or not the axle Ais in operation. In any event, the. pump-3.0. is operatedin all instances when a liquid coolant is to. be supplied to surfaces of the disc D andparticularly when the shoes as :SI and S2 are to be applied to the discD to effect deceleration thereof. ,Thus, when shoes" as SI and S2 are applied to the axial faces of the disc. D to effect deceleration thereof a liquid coolant is discharged onto the surfaces of this disc to'which the shoes ar thus applied, In the present instance theliquid coolant flows from thepu'mp 30 through the pipe 29 to the fitting F and thence. through the pipes 21 and 39 and elbows 26'andcoolant is directly effective to cool these surfaces ofthe disc whereby an objectionable temperature on and immediately beneath these surfaces is avoided. I

- After. flowing onto the surface of the'di'sc as D the liquid coolant, in the present instance, collects in the bottom of the housing H from whence it may'flow through the elbow34, pipe 35,? and heat exchanger HE, when such a heat exchanger is provided, and thence through the pipe 36 back to the pump 30 to be recirculated to the pipes 25 and 31 to be again .dispersed onto the surfaces of the disc D. I have found that by supplying a liquid coolant which, for example, may be a suitable oil, directly to the surface of a disc as D to which-shoes as SI and. S2 are applied, I am able to prevent an objectionable'temperature rise in those portions of the disc subjected to the greatest heat and I am, therefore, able to avoid heat checking or other injury of the disc in the course of a deceleration effected by the application of shoes to'the axially inner and axially outer faces of the disc. In some instances it may be desirable to supply a liquid coolant to a discas D in the above described manner only in those instances when a' deceleration is in progress and in order that this may be realized resort may be had to an is'similar to thecylinder 2| which, as explained hereinabove, "is effective to apply the shoes as as explained hereinabove. Moreover; anoutlet pipe 'as 29a from the pump .301: is directed ztora fitting as F :so that liquid coolant may be supplied under pressure to pipes as26 and. 3'!' in the manner explained hereinabove from the pump 30a. 1

-.'I'l1e;be1t 3la:-f0r operating the pum-p 30a: is. directed to a source ,of power which will be opera ative at least whena. deceleration of a. disc. as D is toTbe elfectedz The beltala. is passed about a. pulley 4.0 that. is rotatably mounted on the drive shaft 4|;of2the pump 3011, this drive shaft being .extended from the pump and being journaled in a bearingv 42- provided on a supporting frame 43 secured to the'frameof the vehicle, the frame 43 in thepresent instance also affording a supportfor the pump 30a. A collar 44 is keyed or otherwiseslidably but non-rotatabl-y connected to the driveshaft. 41' of the pump 311av and a clutchdisc Cris interposed between the pulley and the'co'llar44'. The forked end of a' rocker 4 5 is engaged in. a. groove 46. provided inthe periphery of the collar 44'. and this rocker.

admitted through the pipe-5U to the cylinder 49,

whereupon the plunger 41 actuates the lever 45 to thereby, through the clutch disc C, connect theccollar 44 to thepulley 40 and thereupon the pump 30w is set in operation. This causes a liquid coolant to be discharged on the surface of the disc Din the. manner explained hereina-bove and'such coolant will be so supplied-to the surfaces of the disc so long as air 'und'er pressure is supplied to the brake cylinder Zia and the cylinder or, in other' words', so long as a deceleration is'in progress. When, however, the supply of air under pressure to the cylinder 2 Ia is interrupted, the sprin 5l is ef-- fective on' the'a-rm" 45"todisengage the collar 44 from the clutch disc C and thereupon 'oper ation of the pump 30a is interrupted.

In the form of the invention thus far described a coolant is supplied to those-portions of SI and S2 to-the opposite faces'of'the disc as I D. Air under pressure issupplied to the cylinder 2 la through a pipe as 22a that desirably leads to a source of air under pressure, the flow of air under pressure through the pipe 220 being,

the faces of 'a disc as D other than those engaged by the frictional faces'of-shoes as SI and S2. However, shoes as SI and S2 often have a plurality of blocks of friction material mounted on the operative faces thereof as best shown, for example, in Figs. 7 and 8," where the shoes as Slb by levers as |5b and l9b which correspond to the levers l5 and I9 described 'hereinabovei,

\ In an instance, however, where spaced apart blocks of friction material as '52 are provided on I the operative faces of shoes as S lb and S2b, pipes as'53 and 54 may'be'secured to the edges of the shoes as Slb and S22) arranged adjacent-to the periphery .of the disc as Db and these pipes are respectively provided with outlet openings as 55 pump a,, the heat exchanger- I-IEa" being. ar-

ranged in the system in the same manner as" that-in which the heat'exchanger HE is arranged,-

and 55. The openings 55 and 56 are respectively provided in the pipes 53 and 54 to be aligned with the spaces between the blocks of friction material 52 respectively provided on the shoes as S") and S21) and desirably these openings are faced toward the adjacent face of the disc as Db so that a liquid coolant supplied to the pipes 53 and 54 will be discharged directly onto the faces of the disc Db intermediate the blocks of friction material respectively provided on the shoes as Slb and S217.

The braking apparatus shown in Figs. 7, 8 and 9 is adapted to be enclosed in a housing Ha which corresponds to the housing H and pipes as 21a and 39a, respectively corresponding to the pipes 2'! and 39, described hereinabove, are led into the housing Ha. A flexible tube as 51 leads from the pipeila to the inlet end of the pipe 53, the opposite end of this pipe being closed and likewise a flexible tube 58 leads from the pipe 39a to the inlet end of the pipe 34, the opposite end of this pipe also being closed.

When a liquid coolant i supplied to the pipes 21a and 39a in any of the ways described hereinabove, this liquid coolant flows to the pipes 53 and 54 to be discharged through the openings 55 and 55 onto the adjacent faces of the disc as Db, wherefore, since this will causea liquid coolant to be supplied to the faces of the disc D immediately adjacent to the positions on these faces whereat the blocks of friction material as 52 are being applied thereto, effective cooling of the faces of the disc as Db is brought about promptly because the liquid coolant is supplied to faces of the disc immediately adjacent to the places whereat these faces of the disc are subjected to the greatest heating effect.

While the particular manner in which the flow of air to cylinders as M and 2 la and 48 is effected forms no particular part of my invention I have shown in Fig. 3 a conventional control means which, in this instance, is a manually operated valve V which may be, for example, of the character disclosed in United States Letters Patent to Bush No. 2,068,370, patented January 19, 1937, or, for example, that disclosed in United States Letters Patent to Ewing and Bush No. 2,042,112, patented May 26, 1936. Moreover, it will be understood that means other than pneumatic means might be utilized for effecting application of the braking elements to the member to be decelerated without departing from the purview of my invention.

Furthermore, it is to be understood that the arrangement illustrated in Fig. 3 may be utilized either as described hereinabove in association with an arrangement such as that illustrated in Fig. l or in association with an arrangement such as that shown in Fig. 7 inasmuch as in many instances it will be desirable to control the flow of a cooling fluid to the surface or surfaces of a member to be decelerated in such amanner that the fluid will only be supplied to such surfaces during the time a deceleration is in progress. However, in some instances it may be desirable to continuously supply a cooling fluid to surfaces such as the aforesaid and in this event resort may be had, for example, to an arrangement such as that shown in Fig. 1 and in such an instance the pump as 38 would be continuously operated.

Yet, further, I have illustrated my invention in association with a braking arrangement embodying a disc including two substantially parallel surfaces which are desirably arranged in a vertical plane, this being a more or less conventional arrangement in the art. In this regard, however, it is to be understood that my invention is not limited to utilization in a disc brake arrangement for my invention may be used in any instance Where a braking surface is afforded that is of such nature that a cooling fluid supplied thereto may flow thereover and therefrom. However, I believe that the advantages of my invention can best be realized inthose instances where the member to be decelerated includes at least one surface that is arranged in a substantially vertical plane, for in such circumstances flow of the cooling fluid over and from the surface may best be realized so as to thereby effect efficient dissipation of heat that is generated in a deceleration effected by the application of at least one braking element to such a surface.

It will be manifest from the foregoing description that I have provided an arrangement whereby a liquid coolant may be directly applied to the face or faces of an element that is decelerated by the application of a braking element or elements to the surfaces to which the liquid coolant is supplied and this results in so cooling these surfaces of the rotating element that an objectionable temperature rise on these surfaces and in the portions immediately below these surfaces is prevented, whereby heat checking, cracking or other injury to the element is prevented.

While I have illustrated and described selected embodiments of my invention, it is tobe understood that these are capable of variation and modification and I therefore do not wish to be limited to the precise details set forth but desire to avail myself of such changes and alterations as fall within the purview of the following claims.

I claim:

1. In a braking apparatus including a member to be decelerated affording a braking surface, a braking element of length less than one half the length of said braking surface and engageable therewith to effect deceleration of said member, a coolant discharge member extended along said braking surface in spaced relation therewith between opposite ends of said braking element and from which a coolant may be discharged onto the adjacent portion of said braking surface to thereby dissipate heat generated as an incident to the deceleration of the member effected by the application of said braking element to said braking surface.

2. In a braking apparatus, a disc affording an at least substantially vertically disposed braking surface, a braking element of a length less than one half the length of said braking surface and engageable therewith to effect deceleration of said disc, a coolant discharge member disposed adjacent to said braking surface and extended between opposite ends of said braking element and having a plurality of openings therein directed toward said braking surface and from which coolant may be sprayed onto said surface to afford a film of coolant beneath said braking element and to flow over said braking surface and drain from the lower portion thereof and thereby effect dissipation of heat generated as an incident to the deceleration of said disc effected by the application of the braking member to the braking surface.

ROBERT B. POGUE. 

